1. The presence of which of the following is not a criterion for the "severely symptomatic" clinical category (category C) of childhood HIV infection?
Cytomegalovirus infection onset before 1 month of age
Two or more episodes of pneumonia within a 2-year period
Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
Lymphoma
The correct answer is...
Cytomegalovirus infection onset before 1 month of age
Onset of cytomegalovirus infection before 1 month of age places children in category B, "moderately symptomatic." The other manifestations listed qualify patients as category C.
2. Roughly, what percentage of nursing home residents fall each year?
20%
30%
40%
50%
The correct answer is... 50%
Annually, 30 to 40% of elderly people living in the community fall; 50% of nursing home residents fall.
3. In gait disorders a progressive quickening of the steps (usually with forward lean) whereby patients may break into a run to prevent falling forward is termed:
Retropulsion
Circumduction
Festination
Propulsion
The correct answer is... Festination
4. Diagnostic tests for HIV infection in a 4-month-old infant can include all of the following except
Enzyme immunoassay and Western blot
HIV DNA PCR testing
HIV RNA assay
HIV viral culture
The correct answer is... Enzyme immunoassay and Western blot
Children < 18 month retain maternal antibody, causing false-positive results on enzyme immunoassay, so diagnosis is made by HIV virologic assays such as DNA PCR or RNA assay. HIV viral culture has acceptable sensitivity and specificity but is technically more demanding and hazardous.
